Intelligence Reframed
Since John Dewey, Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner has been hailed as the most important educational thinker. His views regarding intelligence and creativity have altered human thinking, as explained in such best-selling books as Frames of Mind and Multiple Intelligences (nearly 200,000 copies in print combined).
Howard Gardner initially proposed the hypothesis of many intelligences in his seminal 1983 book Frames of Mind, which claims that intelligence is more than a single attribute of the human mind. That notion has been generally recognized as one of the twentieth century's foundational concepts, and it continues to pique interest throughout the globe.
Gardner now gives a much-needed update on the theory, its evolution, and changes in Intelligence Reframed. He provides practical advice on how to use the theory in the classroom and answers to the criticisms thrown at him. He also proposes two new intelligences (existential intelligence and naturalist intelligence) and believes that the definition of intelligence should be expanded, but not to the point where it encompasses every human virtue and value. In the end, Gardner claims, having a core set of seven or eight intelligences is not just a distinguishing feature of the human species, but also a working definition of the species. Gardner also presents fascinating thoughts on creativity, leadership, and moral greatness, as well as speculations about the future of multiple intelligences and the workplace.
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